ABSTRACT
Although the Global Polio Eradication Initiative has been largely successful in elimination of polio from various parts of the world, sporadic local outbreaks in non-endemic areas continue to pose a threat to global polio eradication efforts. In the two endemic countries, Pakistan and Afghanistan, a staggering 176 cases of wild poliovirus 1 (WPV1) were reported in 2019. In 2020 alone, 959 cases of Circulating Vaccine Derived Poliovirus 2 were reported globally from 27 countries. After staying polio-free for years, cases of WPV were detected in Malawi and Mozambique in 2022. The roots of the reported strains matched with the WPV strain from Pakistan. The emergence of WPV cases in Malawi and Mozambique underscores the fact that WPV still has the chance to spread beyond the Afghanistan-Pakistan region and sustained efforts are required for its complete eradication. In the case of smallpox, surveillance-containment was the key to eradication as many countries had already eradicated smallpox and the bigger concern was to track and contain any new cases emerging. Smallpox eradication followed a comprehensive plan which included elements like quality control and standardisation of vaccination protocols. Governments all over the world should prioritise immunisation drives, surveillance, and awareness campaigns to achieve the dream of a polio-free world.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to synthesize and examine the molecular docking of a Mo(VI) complex [Mo(dien)O3] (1), {N1-[2-(amino)ethyl]ethane-1,2-diamine}-[tris(oxido)]-molybdenum(VI) as a potential antivirus drug against the SARS-CoV-2, HIV and polio viruses. [Mo(dien)O3] (1) was fully characterized, including single crystal x-ray crystallography. The complex was crystallized in the orthorhombic crystal system with Pbcm space group and has distorted octahedral coordination geometry. DFT calculations have been explored for structure-property relationships. The Hirshfeld surface analysis and 2D fingerprint plots were also performed to investigate intermolecular interactions in the crystal structure. Antibacterial activities of 1 were also studied. In order to have insight into the potential application of 1 as an effective antivirus agent, we have examined the molecular docking of 1 with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro (PDB ID: 7N0I), HIV virus (PDB ID: 6MCF), Polio virus (PDB ID: 1HXS), and DNA duplex dodecamer (PDB ID: 1BNA). The molecular docking results reveal that 1 with Mpro of SARS-CoV-2, HIV-1 RNA and Polio virus resulted in binding energies (ΔG) of −9.9 kcal/mol, −8.8 kcal/mol and −8.4 kcal/mol with good inhibition constant (Ki) of 6.539 µM, 5.113 µM and 4.237 µM, respectively. Overall, in silico molecular docking predicts potential antivirus effects of 1 against the virus of SARS CoV-2, HIV, and Polio. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Different classes of disease-causing viruses are widely distributed universally. Plant-based medicines are anticipated to be effective cures for viral diseases including the COVID-19, instigated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study displays the phylogenetic perspective of Artemisia and proposes some candidate taxa against different viral diseases, including SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Data of Artemisia with antiviral activity were obtained from different published sources and electronic searches. A phylogenetic analysis of the nrDNA ITS sequences of reported antiviral Artemisia species, along with the reference species retrieved from the NCBI GenBank database, was performed using the maximum likelihood (ML) approach. Results: In total, 23 Artemisia species have been documented so far with antiviral activity for 17 different types of viral diseases. 17 out of 23 antiviral Artemisia species were included in the ITS phylogeny, which presented the distribution of these antiviral Artemisia species in clades corresponding to different subgenera of the genus Artemisia. In the resultant ML tree, 10 antiviral Artemisia species appeared within the subgenus Artemisia clade, 2 species appeared within the subgenus Absinthium clade, 3 species appeared within the subgenus Dracunculus clade, and 2 species appeared within the subgenus Seriphidium clade. Discussion: Artemisia species from different subgenera with antiviral activity are prevalent in the genus, with most antiviral species belonging to the subgenus Artemisia. A detailed analysis of taxa from all subgenera, particularly the subgenus Artemisia, is therefore proposed in order to discover compounds with potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity.
ABSTRACT
Vaccines against infectious diseases are urgently needed. Therefore, modern analytical method development should be as efficient as possible to speed up vaccine development. The objectives of the study were to identify critical method parameters (CMPs) and to establish a set of steps to efficiently develop and validate a CE-SDS method for vaccine protein analysis based on a commercially available gel buffer. The CMPs were obtained from reviewing the literature and testing the effects of gel buffer dilution. A four-step approach, including two multivariate DoE (design of experiments) steps, was proposed, based on CMPs and was verified by CE-SDS method development for: (i) the determination of influenza group 1 mini-hemagglutinin glycoprotein; and (ii) the determination of polio virus particle proteins from an inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). The CMPs for sample preparation were incubation temperature(s) and time(s), pH, and reagent(s) concentration(s), and the detection wavelength. The effects of gel buffer dilution revealed the CMPs for CE-SDS separation to be the effective length, the gel buffer concentration, and the capillary temperature. The four-step approach based on the CMPs was efficient for the development of the two CE methods. A four-step approach to efficiently develop capillary gel electrophoresis methods for viral vaccine protein analysis was successfully established.